Paul, S. and Lal, G. (2018) Chapter 9 - Development and Function of Natural Killer Cells and Its Importance in Cancer Immunotherapy. In: Immunology Volume 1: Immunotoxicology, Immunopathology, and Immunotherapy. Immunotoxicology, Immunopathology, and Immunotherapy, 1 . Academic Press , pp. 117-140.

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Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are a group of innate immune cells. They show spontaneous cytolytic activity against cells under stress or infected with a virus. NK cells show a wide tissue distribution and a variable phenotype from tissue to tissue. Unlike adaptive immune cells, the cytolytic function of NK cells does not require clonal expansion. The function of NK cells is regulated by a cumulative signal received from the activating and inhibitory receptors. Mostly, expression of inhibitory receptors is controlled by genetic factors and provides tolerance to the self-tissues, whereas activation of receptor expression is controlled by environmental factors, and helps to mount the effector immune response against virus infection and tumor. NK cells isolated from the peripheral blood show antitumor cytolytic activity, which has led to several clinical trials using NK cells as adoptive cellular therapy which, however, have showed very limited success. With the advancement of or knowledge about NK cell biology, a combination of modified NK cells or NK cells in combination with other therapeutics showed better clinical output. In this review, we discuss the development of NK cells in humans and mice, various NK cell subsets and tissue distribution, an interaction of NK cells with other innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells, and the mechanism of NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity. We further discuss the use of NK cells to control tumor growth and suggested possible ways to improve the NK cell-based therapy.

Item Type:	Book Section
Subjects:	Infection and Immunity
Depositing User:	Mr. Rameshwar Nema
Date Deposited:	24 Dec 2018 05:36
Last Modified:	24 Dec 2018 05:36
URI:	http://nccs.sciencecentral.in/id/eprint/579

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